January 2025

One of the most distinctive features of the Indian Constitution is its Emergency Provisions, which empower the Centre to assume extraordinary powers in times of crisis. These provisions transform the otherwise federal structure into a unitary one to safeguard national integrity and constitutional governance. Table of Contents Types of Emergencies National Emergency (Article 352) Effect

Table of Contents Obligations of States and Union – Article 256 Control of Union over States – Article 257 Union Power to Confer Functions on States – Article 258 Jurisdiction Outside India – Article 260 Public Acts, Records & Judicial Proceedings – Article 261 Dispute Relating to Water – Article 262 Inter-State Council – Article

 Table of Contents Extent of Laws Made – Article 245 Subject Matter of Laws – Article 246 Residuary Powers – Article 248 National Interest – Article 249 Emergency Provisions – Article 250 Law by Request of States – Article 252 International Agreements – Article 253 Inconsistency Between Laws – Article 254 Conclusion Article 245 –

Table of Contents Governor (Article 153) Appointment of Governor (Article 155) Term of Office (Article 156) Qualification (Article 157) Condition of Office (Article 158) Oath or Affirmation (Article 159) Contingency Functions (Article 160) Extent of Executive Power (Article 162) Powers of Governor Executive Powers Legislative Powers Financial Powers Ordinance Making Powers Pardoning Power (Article 161)

Table of Contents Establishment of High Courts Constitution of High Courts (Article 216) Appointment & Conditions of Office (Article 217) Oath or Affirmation (Article 219) Transfer of Judges (Article 222) Other Important Articles Restriction on Practice (Article 220) Superintendence Powers (Article 227) Transfer of Certain Cases (Article 228) Establishment of High Courts (Article 214) Article

Table of Contents Establishment of Supreme Court Eligibility Criteria Removal of Judges Oath & Restrictions Appointment of Ad Hoc Judges Jurisdiction of Supreme Court Original Jurisdiction Writ Jurisdiction Appellate Jurisdiction Constitutional Matters Civil Matters Criminal Matters Special Leave to Appeal Advisory Jurisdiction Other Key Articles Establishment of Supreme Court (Article 124) Constitution: Article 124(1) mandates

Table of Contents Constitution of Parliament Qualifications for Membership Council of States (Rajya Sabha) House of People (Lok Sabha) Vacation of Seats Disqualifications for Membership Secretariat of Parliament Constitution of Parliament (Article 79) Article 79 of the Constitution of India provides that there shall be a Parliament for the Union, which shall consist of the

Table of Contents Article 52 – President Article 53 – Executive Powers Article 54 – Election Article 55 – Manner of Election Article 56 – Term Article 57 – Re-election Article 58 – Qualifications Article 59 – Conditions of Office Article 60 – Oath Article 61 – Impeachment Article 62 – Vacancy Powers of President

(Article 29 & Article 30 of the Indian Constitution) Cultural and Educational Rights are enshrined in Articles 29 and 30 of the Constitution of India. These provisions are specially aimed at safeguarding the interests of minorities, allowing them to preserve their unique identity and establish their own educational institutions. Article 29 – Protection of Interests